Gamma-Photon to Electric Energy Conversion

Gamma Radiation to Electricity

Simulate how gamma photons convert to electric energy through quantum dot interactions (via photoelectric effect or Compton scattering).

Select Quantum Dot Material

Quantum Dot Thickness (nm)

Thickness: 10 nm

Photon Energy (keV)

Photon Energy: 10 keV

Results: Absorbed Fraction: 0, Usable Energy: 0 keV, Electric Current: 0 mA, Efficiency: 0%

Gamma-Photon to Electric Energy Conversion README

This web application simulates the conversion of gamma photons into electric energy using quantum dot materials through the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering.

Photon Attenuation: How gamma photons interact with quantum dot materials, leading to energy absorption.
Energy Conversion: Converts absorbed photon energy into usable electric energy through an efficiency model based on electron transport properties.
Electric Current Generation: The simulation estimates the electric current generated due to electron mobility and applied electric fields.

The interface is built with HTML5, Bootstrap 5.3, and Chart.js for dynamic graph plotting and real-time simulation updates.

Project Structure

HTML Structure

The webpage is structured into a single interface where users select a material, adjust its thickness, and modify the photon energy. Results are displayed in real-time, including absorbed energy, electric current, and conversion efficiency.

Scripts and Libraries

Bootstrap 5.3: Provides layout and responsiveness.
Chart.js: Visualizes the energy conversion and current generation as dynamic bar graphs.

JavaScript functions handle the simulation's calculations and graph updates, providing real-time feedback based on user input.

Detailed Explanation of Code

1. HTML Structure

The HTML file begins with the usual <!DOCTYPE html> declaration. The body contains a <div> with the class container that centers the main content. It includes a material selector, photon energy, and thickness input, followed by a results box and graph container.

2. Simulation Logic

The main logic lies in the updateSimulation() function, which calculates the absorbed fraction of photon energy and its conversion into electric energy.

Key Functions

updateSimulation(): This function computes the energy absorbed by quantum dot material based on its thickness and photon energy, estimates the electric current generated, and updates the results dynamically.
updateChart(): Updates the bar chart displaying absorbed energy and usable energy.

Important Calculations

Absorbed Fraction: 1 - Math.exp(-attenuationCoeff * thickness / 10)
Usable Energy: energyAbsorbed * 0.35 (Assuming 35% conversion efficiency)
Electric Current: Computed based on drift velocity and energy conversion (usableEnergy * 1.6e-19 * 1e9) mA.

Charts

Conversion Chart: Displays absorbed and usable energy as a bar chart, providing visual feedback to the user.

Explore the Code (Interactive)

Below is the main HTML code for the Gamma-Photon to Electric Energy Conversion project. Feel free to scroll and explore the code structure!

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Gamma-Photon to Electric Energy Conversion</title>

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js"></script>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">
        <h1 class="text-center mb-4">Gamma-Photon to Electric Energy Conversion</h1>

<div>
            <h3>Gamma Radiation to Electricity</h3>
            <p>Simulate how gamma photons convert to electric energy through quantum dot interactions (via photoelectric
                effect or Compton scattering).</p>

<div class="mb-3">
                <label for="material1" class="form-label">Select Quantum Dot Material</label>
                <select class="form-select" id="material1" onchange="updateSimulation()">
                    <option value="CdSe">Cadmium Selenide (CdSe)</option>
                    <option value="PbS">Lead Sulfide (PbS)</option>
                    <option value="Si">Silicon (Si)</option>
                </select>
            </div>

<div class="mb-3">
                <label for="thickness1" class="form-label">Quantum Dot Thickness (nm)</label>
                <input type="range" class="form-range" min="1" max="100" id="thickness1" value="10"
                    oninput="updateSimulation()">
                <div class="slider-value" id="thicknessValue1">Thickness: 10 nm</div>
            </div>

<div class="mb-3">
                <label for="photonEnergy" class="form-label">Photon Energy (keV)</label>
                <input type="range" class="form-range" id="photonEnergy" min="1" max="100" value="10"
                    oninput="updateSimulation()">
                <div class="slider-value" id="photonEnergyValue">Photon Energy: 10 keV</div>
            </div>

<div class="result-box">
                <p id="simulationResult">Results: Absorbed Fraction: 0, Usable Energy: 0 keV, Electric Current: 0 mA,
                    Efficiency: 0%</p>
            </div>

<div class="graph-container">
                <canvas id="conversionChart"></canvas>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

<script>
        // Material properties with more realistic attenuation coefficients (energy-dependent)
        const attenuationCoefficients = {
            'CdSe': { base: 0.05, density: 5.8 },   // Lead Sulfide: CdSe
            'PbS': { base: 0.08, density: 7.5 },    // Lead Sulfide
            'Si': { base: 0.02, density: 2.33 }     // Silicon
        };

let conversionChart = null;

// Updated Simulation Function with Enhancements
        function updateSimulation() {
            const material = document.getElementById("material1").value;
            const thickness = document.getElementById("thickness1").value;
            const photonEnergy = document.getElementById("photonEnergy").value;

document.getElementById("thicknessValue1").textContent = `Thickness: ${thickness} nm`;
            document.getElementById("photonEnergyValue").textContent = `Photon Energy: ${photonEnergy} keV`;

const materialData = attenuationCoefficients[material];
            const attenuationCoeff = materialData.base; // Using simplified base value for attenuation

// Calculate absorbed fraction, usable energy, and electric current
            const absorbedFraction = 1 - Math.exp(-attenuationCoeff * thickness / 10);
            const energyAbsorbed = photonEnergy * absorbedFraction;
            const usableEnergy = energyAbsorbed * 0.35; // Assume improved 35% efficiency due to materials optimization

// Improved electron transport model (including drift velocity and mobility)
            const electronMobility = 0.13; // cm²/V.s for CdSe
            const appliedVoltage = 5; // Assume 5V for electric field generation
            const electricField = appliedVoltage / thickness; // Electric field (V/cm)
            const driftVelocity = electronMobility * electricField; // Drift velocity (cm/s)
            const electricCurrent = (usableEnergy * 1.6e-19 * 1e9).toFixed(2); // Current in mA

// Heat generated based on Stefan-Boltzmann Law for thermal management
            const surfaceArea = 0.01; // Surface area in m² for heat dissipation
            const emissivity = 0.8; // Emissivity of the material
            const temperature = 300; // Assumed operating temperature in K
            const heatGenerated = emissivity * surfaceArea * 5.67e-8 * (Math.pow(temperature, 4)); // Heat in W

// Efficiency calculation
            const totalPhotonEnergy = photonEnergy * 1e6; // eV (convert keV to eV)
            const efficiency = (usableEnergy / totalPhotonEnergy * 100).toFixed(2); // Efficiency percentage

// Update the result text
            document.getElementById("simulationResult").textContent = `Absorbed Fraction: ${absorbedFraction.toFixed(2)}, Usable Energy: ${usableEnergy.toFixed(2)} keV, Electric Current: ${electricCurrent} mA, Efficiency: ${efficiency}%`;

// Update the graph to show absorption and usable energy
            updateChart([absorbedFraction * 100, usableEnergy], 'conversionChart', 'Energy Conversion', 'Process', 'Energy (keV)');
        }

// Initialize with default values
        updateSimulation();
    </script>

</body>

</html>

Running the Project

To run the simulation:

Download the entire HTML code.
Open the HTML file in a web browser.
Interact with the simulation by selecting different materials, adjusting the thickness and photon energy sliders, and observing the results.

No additional dependencies are required, as Bootstrap and Chart.js are loaded from a CDN.